Non-radar aircraft on a published approach must be separated by which combination?

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Non-radar separation on a published instrument approach relies on maintaining a safe combination of time and distance between aircraft. In a non-radar environment you can’t rely on precise position tracking, so you use both a time gap and a distance gap to ensure aircraft remain apart as they follow the approach procedure. The two-minute spacing gives a buffer for speed differences and small deviations, while the five-mile separation provides a tangible longitudinal buffer along the approach path. Together they reduce the risk of encroachment if one aircraft slows, speeds up, or drifts from its course, and they help controllers manage spacing without radar. The other options fall short because they omit either the required time or the required distance, or propose an inconsistent pairing not aligned with the safety standard. Therefore, the correct combination is two minutes with five miles.