Aircraft shall avoid climbs or descents when inside _____ radials from the marshal radial on the holding side and _____ radials on the non-holding side, unless under positive control.

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The main idea is protected airspace around a holding pattern. When flying the hold around the marshal radial, there’s a defined vertical-protection zone on both sides to keep traffic separated while you’re adjusting or stacking on the hold. That protection is larger on the holding side and smaller on the non-holding side because traffic is more likely to cross or converge there during inbound/outbound turns.

Climbs or descents are avoided inside this protected area to maintain a stable, predictable pattern and prevent conflicts. The specified distances—thirty radials on the holding side and ten radials on the non-holding side—provide enough room for safe maneuvering. If ATC gives positive control, altitude changes may be made as instructed.

So, the pairing of thirty radials on the holding side and ten radials on the non-holding side best fits the standard protection around the hold.